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FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
September 21, 2001
ASLA
Contact: Beth Young
202-216-2331, byoung@asla.org
The
Places We Love To Use
2001 Professional
Awards Announcement
Reflecting a commitment
to create places that people love to use, winners in the 52nd Professional
Awards of the American Society of Landscape Architects (ASLA) include
the playing fields on the campus of Nike's world headquarters, the widely
acclaimed waterfront park in Louisville, Ky., and restoration of President
Jimmy Carter's boyhood farm in Plains, Ga. The winning projects demonstrate
the exceptional influence landscape architects have on planning and approaches
as well as site planning and design. Environmental rehabilitation and
preservation also figured prominently in several entries.
Winners were honored
at the ASLA 2001 Annual Meeting in Montreal, Sept. 21-25, in the categories
of design, analysis and planning, communication, and research. Five Honor
and 19 Merit awards in Design recognize the construction of site-specific
works of outstanding landscape architectural design, including urban design.
Three Honor and six Merit awards in Analysis and Planning recognize the
wide variety of professional activities that lead to, guide or evaluate
landscape architectural design. Two Merit Research awards recognize the
work of rigor and historical research that gives evidence of examination
of a problem using accepted methods and arriving at supported and original
findings or solutions of value to the profession. One Honor and four Merit
awards in Communications recognize design achievements in communicating
landscape architectural information, technology, theory or practice to
those within or outside the profession. This category includes published
or written documents, multimedia or electronic communications.
For detailed information
about each project, click on the project name for view images, the project
profile, and contact information for the landscape architect. A downloadable
screensaver of images from the winning design projects will be posted
on-line following the ASLA Annual Meeting.
DESIGN
Honor Awards (5)
Zion
Canyon Transportation System Zion National Park, Springdale,
UT
Landscape Architect(s): Denver Service Center, National Park Service
Patrick Shea, ASLA, Project Leader; Steve Burns; Victoria Stinson, ASLA;
Jim Butterfus, Zion National Park; Jeff Woods; Robb Williamson, ASLA;
Photographer, Williamson Images
Significantly increased visitation at Zion National Park resulted in traffic
congestion, inadequate parking, destruction of natural resources, and
a diminished visitor experience in the six-mile upper portion of Zio Canyon.
The completed project includes a visitor center/transportation comples,
linking the park with the nearby town of Springdale and the surrounding
area, and promotes a pedesterian experience for visitors.
McMahon
Duell Residence Edgartown, MA
Landscape Architect(s): Horiuchi & Solien Landscape Architects
This wind-swept waterfront property on Martha's Vineyard was once used
a pasture. The project was conceived as a complex of small farm buildings
and outdoor spaces, intimately related to its natural and cultural context.
The buildings are clustered at one end of the site, preserving much of
the existing vegetation.
Silicon
Graphics/Charleston Park Mountain View, CA
Landscape Architect(s): SWA Group
The landscape, like the architecture of Charleston Park, is meant to reflect
Silicon Graphic's philosophy of "serious fun." Developed on a 26-acre
former brownfield, the design creates a strong identity for the campus
while blurring distinctions between the private and public realms.
Gantry
Plaza State Park Long Island City, NY
Landscape Architect(s): Thomas Balsley Associates and Sowinski Sullivan
Architects with Lee Weintraub
Gantry Plaza is the first phase of a 12-block-long system of parks on
Long Island City's East River shoreline. With their four distinct piers
and follies, the trilogy of spaces - Gantry Plaza, interpretive garden,
and lawn promontory - will serve a broad variety of needs. Framed by crescent
stairs, the plaza is designed as a grand civic space with sweeping views
of Manhattan and a gantry structure that speaks to the site's heritage.
Louisville
Waterfront Park Louisville, KY
Landscape Architect(s): Hargreaves Associates
Waterfront Park represents a major reclamation of land formerly used for
industry and transportation. The park is made up of a series of varied
and flexible spaces. The entire project is graded to break down visual
and physical barriers between the city and the river, while simultaneously
providing flood protection without floodwalls.
DESIGN
Merit Awards (19)
Boyhood
Farm Restoration Jimmy Carter National Historic Site
Plains, GA
Landscape Architect(s): Joe Crystal, Denver Service Center, National
Park Service; Karen Vaage, Denver Service Center, National Park Service
The restoration of the farm in Plains, Ga., where President Jimmy Carter
grew up touched on a variety of concerns related to preservation of cultural
landscapes. Evidence of contemporary development, such as utility lines
and transformers, was moved. These changes prompted the reproduction of
lost features, such as a windmill and the lawn tennis court. The farm
is now equipped to function as it did in past times.
White
River Gardens Indianapolis, IN
Landscape Architect(s): Rundell Ernstberger Associates, LLC
This three-acre garden complex and sister institution to the Indianapolis
Zoo was constructed along the river levee after the Indianapolis Zoological
Society revised its master plan to focus on the rapidly evolving White
River urban waterfront. The Gardens are comprised of smaller garden rooms
each unique in spatial quality and visual experience. Forty-nine bronze
"critter" sculptures are scattered around the Gardens.
Battle
Road Trail Concord, Lincoln, and Lexington, MA
Landscape Architect(s): Carol R. Johnson Associates, Inc.
The Battle Road Trail is a five-mile pedestrian stretch through Minute
Man National Historical Park. It is designed to place the visitor squarely
in the landscape of April 19, 1775, the day the American Revolution began,
in order to improve visitor understanding and interpretation of the site.
The entire trail is universally accessible despite 17 wetland crossings,
100 ten-feet of grade change, and the crossing of a state highway.
Oklahoma
City National Memorial Oklahoma City, OK
Landscape Architect(s): Sasaki Associates, Inc.; Butzer Design Partnership
The Oklahoma City National Memorial is built on the site formerly occupied
by the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building that was destroyed by a bomb
April 19, 1995. The design was guided by several principles, including
the charge to provide a place of comfort, strength and hope, and ultimately,
an uplifting experience for the visitor. Two gates, one marked "9:01"
and the other marked "9:03" bracket a dark, narrow pool of water opposite
a field of 168 empty chairs, one for each person who died in the blast.
This reflecting pool symbolizes the stretch of time "9:02" when the bomb
exploded.
Jackson
Meadow Marine on St. Croix, MN
Landscape Architect(s): Coen + Stumpf + Associates, Inc.
The collaboration of landscape architect and architect focused on how
a study of topology can lead to a site-specific typology, as the form
and materials develop from the specific systems and place of Marine. In
order to preserve the site's rural character and open space, a planned
unit development was designed with the 64-dwelling units grouped on only
30 percent of the site. The cluster arrangement became a way to emulate
and translate the traditional village structure and to connect settlement
to a landscape infrastructure.
The
Rehabilitation of Washington Plaza Reston, VA
Landscape Architect(s): Stephenson & Good, Inc.
Reston, Va., was once heralded as the vanguard of modern American suburban
design with Washington Plaza in Lake Anne Village as its centerpiece.
However, experimental details combined with the technology of the time
- in this case, the use of concrete as an exposed element of design rather
than as a purely structural material - yielded mixed results. Once on
the edge of collapse, the rehabilitated plaza has become a catalyst for
renewed interest in Reston's original designs and the effort to preserve
unique neighborhoods nationwide.
Nikko
Kirifuri Resort Nikko City, Tochigi Prefecture, Japan
Landscape Architect(s): Andropogon Associates, Ltd., Carol Franklin,
Colin Franklin, Yaki Miodovnik - Principals
The facilities and amenities designed for anew resort hotel and spa complex
on a mountainous site in Japan fit seamlessly into the forested hillsides
with minimal intrusion. Although spectacular in its beauty, the natural
site posed serious challenges, such as complex landforms, steep slopes
and high erodible soils. Design solutions for individual problems on the
site were seen as interdependent, forming an integrated design for the
whole site. The overall feel of the landscape suggests a rural Japanese
village nestled within a forest setting.
The
Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis Minneapolis, MN
Landscape Architect(s): The HOK Planning Group; McGough Construction
Co., Inc. and Siebold, Sydow & Elfanbaum, Inc.
The facility overlooks the Mississippi River on the site of Minneapolis'
original settlement. The design combines brick - the primary material
in the adjacent North Warehouse District - and indigenous Kasota stone
with contemporary detailing in precast concrete. A curved glass wall faces
a landscaped plaza, the river and the Hennepin Avenue Bridge. The site
is divided into four distinct spaces, each serving critical circulation,
public, and historic needs, linking downtown to the river.
Anaheim
and Disneyland Resort Urban Design Plans Anaheim, CA
Landscape Architect(s): SWA Group
The plan covers an 1100-acre area that includes a world-famous theme park,
as well as hotels, convention facilities, restaurants, retail, and other
visitor-serving commercial uses. The plan established a comprehensive
urban design for the redevelopment of the area surrounding the theme park
and visually transforms an aging suburban environment into a garden-like
destination resort. The projects focus was the streets and public spaces
that surround the existing theme park and the proposed expansion areas,
as well as the traditional urban design elements of land use, circulation,
building massing, and infrastructure.
West
Side Light Rail Transit System Portland, OR
Landscape Architect(s): Murase Associates
MAX, a 33-mile light rail system, runs east and west from Portland and
connects the communities of Gresham, Beaverton, and Hillsboro. The 18-mile
long West Side travels through stretches of undeveloped land, as well
as the cities of Beaverton and Hillsboro. Throughout the corridor, careful
grading for drainage and slope stability and the use of regional and site
appropriate landscape material was developed. Wetland mitigation was completed
for five sites along the light rail line, and native plant material was
selected to reinforce water conference measures and reduce the burden
of maintenance.
Kelsey
Seybold Clinic Main Campus Houston, TX
Landscape Architect(s): SWA Group
Kelsey Seybold lacked a clinical presence in the Texas Medical Center
area of Houston and needed a main campus to house their varied health
care resources and corporate offices under one roof. The client was committed
to providing a public open space on the two-acre site, while allowing
for future expansion. The project's creative use of stormwater detention
resulted in significant cost-savings that were reinvested in the landscape,
creating a highly finished, beautiful campus setting.
Nike
World Headquarters North Expansion Beaverton, OR
Landscape Architect(s): Mayer/Reed
Nike began a 90-acre expansion to its existing campus in 1995 to consolidate
employees and offices into one location and create new outdoor amenities,
such as athletic fields, jogging trails, and playgrounds. Open space and
woodlands were preserved as the heart of the campus, and the current site
plan allows for future expansion without the removal of any existing trees.
Site
Furnishings at Parliament Hill Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
Landscape Architect(s): Phillips Farevaag Smallenberg
The development of the Parliament Hill site furniture is a component of
the comprehensive landscape plan for the site as a whole. The design is
based on the stone and metalwork detailing of the existing heritage lamp
standards, railings, walls, and architecture. Each furniture piece is
conceived to address specific site locations, conditions, and uses. Anodized
aluminum is used as the main structural component; native white ash is
used for all seating surfaces.
Jackson
Park Pavilion Fountain Court and Town Square Court Chicago,
IL
Landscape Architect(s): Wolff Clements and Associates, Ltd.
The Jackson Park Pavilion was built in the early 20th century to provide
bathing facilities for neighborhood residents, but fell into disrepair
and disuse. The new Fountain Court contains an interactive water feature
that recalls a carousel and a water maze that invites visitors to turn
on their own water show pushing hand buttons and footpads. The town square
is a landscaped courtyard featuring a central lawn, shade trees, and perennial
flowerbeds.
Arizona
Canal Demonstration Project Sunnyslope Community Phoenix, AZ
Landscape Architect(s): M. Paul Friedberg - Landscape Architect; Jackie
Ferrara - Artist
The ancient canals of the Hohokam Indians were the forerunners of the
181-mile network that today brings water to Phoenix and its neighboring
areas. The Sunnyslope Canal Demonstration Project is Phoenix's first effort
to illustrate the expanding urban roles of the canal corridors as unique
outdoor spaces for education and recreation. A series of outdoor rooms
were carved into the bearm, and a 15-foot wide promenade along the canal
edge was lowered, bringing the pedestrian closer to the water.
Congressional
Medal of Honor Memorial White River State Park, Indianapolis,
IN
Landscape Architect(s): NINebark, Inc.
A narrow, sloping embankment of the Central Canal was selected as the
site for the new national memorial honoring over 3,000 recipients of the
Congressional Medal of Honor, America's highest award for military valor.
Because the Medal originated during the Civil War, the memorial shares
a contextual link to the military park that forms the northern border
of the site. Through its use of complex materials and forms, such as the
stairways, stainless steel columns, glass sails, and computerized sound
and lighting displays, the project expands the typical public perception
of landscape architecture and memorial design.
Community
Center Park St. Matthews, KY
Landscape Architect(s): Wallace Roberts & Todd, LLC
Tucked between major commercial areas and bordered by a highway, this
oddly-shaped park had grown incrementally without much concern for efficiency
or beauty. Improvements included adding ballparks, service and storage
facilities, picnic pavilions, and walking trails through the park's wooded
areas. The renovation opened up the park's northern, more natural setting
for the first time. All materials cleared for the new ballparks were recycled
on the site, either as design elements or mulch.
South
Waterfront Park Portland, OR
Landscape Architect(s): Walker Macy
The South Waterfront project acts as a neighborhood park for the mixed-use
RiverPlace neighborhood. The primary theme of the project is to reconnect
the users visually and physically to the river; the park's grading, planting
and paths reflect the river's sinuous form and intersect with the patterns
of the city. Overlooks provide spectacular views of the river, the city,
and surrounding mountains are established at the terminus of the park's
walkways.
Northside
Park Denver, CO
Landscape Architect(s): Wenk Associates, Inc.
The park was developed on the site of the city's abandoned sanitary sewer
plant to enable the redevelopment of the surrounding area as part of a
city initiative to develop a series of parks along the South Platte River
Corridor. Existing structures from the plant were adapted and integrated
into park design. The reuse strategy yielded a 30 percent reduction in
estimated demolition costs. Construction of the park has transformed not
only the landscape, but also the city's perception of the site.
ANALYSIS
AND PLANNING
Honor Awards (3)
Charles
River Basin Master Plan Boston, Cambridge, and Watertown, MA
Landscape Architect(s): Goody, Clancy and Associates, The Halvorson
Company, The Metropolitan District Commission
Creating the first master plan for the heart of one of the country's preeminent
urban park systems involved striking a balance between landscape preservation
and reshaping it to meet modern needs and uses. Two years in the making,
the master plan's comprehensive guide and action plan are based on a variety
of multi-disciplinary analyses, from checking river channel depths to
analyzing environmental remediation efforts to making intersection traffic
counts.
San
Antonio River Improvements Project - Concept Design San Antonio,
TX
Landscape Architect(s): SWA Group - Houston
The project prepared a master plan for 13 miles of urban river right-of-way
north and south of the well-known San Antonio Riverwalk. The improvements
will tie into major city streets and integrate the river back into the
city and provide for pedestrian, bicycle, and passenger barge access.
With an emphasis on restoration, the design solution will integrate remnants
of the old river and respect the historic acequias the still irrigate
the land today.
Yuxi
City Yunnan Province - People's Republic of China
Landscape Architect(s): Phillips Farevaag Smallenberg
As consultants in a foreign land, the team felt the need to be responsive
to a different political, economic, ecological, and cultural setting.
Key innovations included recommending limits to urban sprawl on agricultural
lands by reversing land-use designations and focusing on the densification
of the existing city. A publicly owned greenbelt system around the city
was advocated to project ecological resources through wetland parks, canals,
and pathways. Widely circulated in China as a model for city planning,
the Yuxi Plan address the many challenges of urbanization and land-use
change that lie ahead in China with its mass exodus of population from
country to city.
ANALYSIS
AND PLANNING
Merit Awards (6)
Michigan
Department of Transportation Aesthetic Project Opportunities Inventory
and Scenic Heritage Route Designation Inventory Michigan
Landscape Architect(s): SmithGroup JJR; Washtenaw Engineering Company;
Woolpert Design, LLP
This project developed comprehensive statewide inventories of potential
aesthetic opportunities and Scenic Heritage Routes along 10,000 miles
of state trunklines. Using the latest data collection and coordination
techniques, the team identified locations for landscaping projects, scenic
easements, vegetation management, streetscaping, corridor management,
structure and landform improvement, and scenic turnouts.
Los
Angeles Civic Center Shared Facilities and Enhancement Plan
Los Angeles, CA
Landscape Architect(s): Meléndrez Design Partners
The Civic Center was redefined as the "Ten-Minute Diamond," or the distance
the average pedestrian can walk in ten minutes in any direction from City
Hall. Open space became the most important element within this area instead
of the buildings. The plan builds on historic topographies from the surrounding
quarters without major reconstruction or reorganization of infrastructure.
Opportunities for shared governmental facilities are developed, providing
substantial savings that can be reinvested in the public realm and the
open space infrastructure.
Euclid
Corridor Transportation Project Cleveland and East Cleveland,
OH
Landscape Architect(s): URS/BRW
Landscape elements were the primary means of restoring amenities to a
seven-mile bus rapid transit way along Euclid Avenue. Site-specific streetscape
elements were designed to reflect the corridor's past and complement transportation
infrastructure, and American elms were re-introduced. Development guidelines
for the surrounding neighborhoods support the transit corridor with pedestrian-oriented
housing and businesses.
Investing
in the Landscape: University of Toronto St. George Open Space Master Plan
Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Landscape Architect(s): Urban Strategies, Inc.
The campus has remained a significant open space resource for Toronto;
however, cars now dominate the landscape in several places. Landscape
improvements revolve around an idea that considers the campus as an integrated
whole rather than a series of isolated spaces. The primary objectives
of the plan are high-level policies promoting ongoing improvement and
maintenance of the campus landscape.
US
Highway 93 Design Discussions Flathead Indian Reservation in
Western Montana
Landscape Architect(s): Jones and Jones Architects & Landscape Architects:
Grant Jones, FASLA, Principal in Charge, James L. Sipes, ASLA, Project
Manager; Charlie Scott; David Sorey; Alex Schwartz; Julie Neff; Ints Luters;
Paul Sorey; Donna House; Anita Hardy; Mark Ellis Walker
U.S. Highway 93 is a 55-mile road that bisects the Flathead Indian Reservation.
State and federal officials were focused on safety, but tribal goals were
much broader. The collaborative design solution proposed demonstrated
a renewed respect for the natural features of the land, with portions
of the highway re-routed around wildlife habitats. The project illustrates
that landscape architects can take a much large roles in the design and
planning of major transportation projects, including roads, a task traditionally
assigned to engineers.
Grand
Canyon Greenway Master Plan Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona
Landscape Architect(s): The Grand Canyon Greenway Collaborative: Chuck
Flink, ASLA, Jeff Olson, AIA, Bob Searns, AICP, Peter Axelson, Dan Burden,
Mark Fenton, Andy Clarke, Ben Pugh, PE, Charlie Gandy, Betty Drake, APA,
Bob Pilk, ASLA, Brad Traver, Gigi Wright; Superintendent Robert Arnberger;
The Grand Canyon National Park Foundation
Grand Canyon National Park has never had a system of interconnected trails
purposefully designed and constructed to transport people through the
park. The Greenway is the first network of trails and facilities designed
to perform this function. It will provide vital infrastructure that will
engage visitors' bodies, minds, and spirits and define the sense of place
that makes the Grand Canyon a unique landscape.
RESEARCH
Merit Awards (2)
Restoring
Nature: Perspectives from the Social Sciences and Humanities
Landscape Architect(s): Paul H. Gobster, North Central Research Station
- USDA Forest Service; Island Press
The book uses a recent controversy over ecological restoration in the
Chicago area as a touchstone to examine the social aspects of restoration,
conceptually and in the context of other places and situations in urban
and wildland environments. The goal was to create and synthesize knowledge
about the social issues that determine the success or failure of restoration
projects and put it in a form useful for interested professionals and
students.
Privately
Owned Public Space: The New York City Experience
Landscape Architect(s): Jerold S. Kayden in collaboration with New
York City Department of City Planning and Municipal Art Society of New
York
The purpose of this book was to evaluate New York City's 39-year pioneering
program using zoning laws to encourage the provision of 503 publicly accessible
plazas, parks, arcades, atria, and other public spaces at private office
and residential towers in the city's densest commercial and residents
precincts and determine which of these spaces were legally accessible
to the public, featuring the required amenities.
COMMUNICATION
Honor Awards (1)
Ice
Age Floods of Alternatives and Environmental Assessment Parts
of Montanta, Idaho, Washington, and Oregon
Landscape Architect(s): Jones and Jones Architects and Landscape Architects,
Ltd.
In 1999, the National Park service funded a two-year study to develop
concepts for coordination, interpretation and educations programs about
the Ice Age Floods in a 16,000-mile region of the northwestern U.S. Landscape
architects defined the scope of work, developed the methodology and timeline
for the project, compiled an extensive inventory of Floods features, and
conducted public workshops across four states. Their final report recommends
a series of projects that could introduce and illustrate the impact Ice
Age Floods had on the landscape.
COMMUNICATION
Merit Awards (4)
Preserving
Cultural Landscapes in America
Landscape Architect(s): Arnold R. Alanen, University of Wisconsin and
Robert Z. Melnick, FASLA, University of Oregon
While geographers initiated the academic study of cultural landscapes
during the 1920s, it was landscape architects in academe and practice
who led the cultural landscape preservation movement that began in the
1980s. To illustrate the importance of cultural landscape preservation,
this book draws primarily upon examples and case studies that individuals
in the field can use on a regular basis. By providing "a thorough examination
of a blossoming field," one reviewer wrote, the book "has initiated discussions
that will be critical to the future practice of general preservation for
years to come."
Union
Square San Francisco
Landscape Architect(s): April Philips Design Works, Inc. and M.D. Fotheringham,
Landscape Architects, Inc.
This PowerPoint presentation is an outgrowth of the mixed media - sketches,
boards, two- and three-dimensional graphices - used for presentations
during the design process of the Union Square renovation project. The
show is designed to stand alone or be accompanied by a verbal presentation
explaing the placemaking process.
Layers
of Rome
Landscape Architect(s): Roger Trancik, FASLA
Layers of Rome, an electronic textbook, helps the viewer explore
the ancient city of Rome and how it rebuilt itself layer upon layer into
a modern metropolis. Through digital 3D models, photographs, video, and
narratives, the design of Rome is experiences while moving through layered
images of the city. Virtual-space renderings take you back 2,000 years
to Rome's Campus Martius and the changing landscape. The story of Rome
provides a basis for thinking about cities today and concepts for successful
public space.
Pioneers
of American Landscape Design
Landscape Architect(s): National Park Service Historic Landscape Initiative,
Heritage Preservation Services, Library of American Landscape History,
The Catalog of Landscape Records in the United States at Wave Hill, The
Cultural Landscape Foundation
Pioneers of American Landscape Design documents the lives and design
work of 162 landscape practitioners, both well-known and unsung, all of
whom played significant roles in shaping America's designed landscape
heritage. Because many of the designers featured in the book have been
absent from print, their landscapes have consequently been unsympathetically
altered, lost, or threatened by demolition; Pioneers is providing
the spark for better-informed historic preservation.
Classic Award -- The
Classic Award is given to built projects that have been completed for
not less than 25 years and not more than 50 year. It recognizes and publicizes
the significant contribution landscape architecture has made to the public
environment, calls attention to the element of time in landscape architecture
and recognizes the long-term benefits created by the profession.
2001
CLASSIC AWARD (1)
Blue
Ridge Parkway Virginia and North Carolina
Landscape Architect(s): Denver Service Center National Park Service
Stanley W. Abbott, Gilmore D. Clark, Edward H Abbuehl, H.E. van Gelder,
Lynn M. Harris, George W. Wickstead, Thomas G. Heaton, Foster M. Warwick,
C.R. Alt, Robert F. Elliott, Malcolm A. Bird, Albert S. Burns, Ralph W.
Emerson, Arthur H. Beyer, Harry Baker, Robert A. Hope, Robert Hall, Warren
Lewis, Ken McCarter, Warren Henderson, Bob Steinholtz, Robert E. Schreffler,
Bob Budz, Ted Pease, Art Connell, Don Tarter, Bruce Gregory, David Gaines,
Gary W. Johnson, Linda N. Moery, Alan D. Hollister, Robert L. Felker,
Colleen Bruce, James M. O'Shea Jr., Robert R. Welch, William L. Witmer,
Gail D. Stahlecker, Mark A. Pritchett, J. David Anderson, Laura Rotegard,
Larry H. Hultquist
With 20 million visitors a year, the Blue Ridge Parkway is the most-visited
unit in the national park system. First proposed at the advent of pleasure-driving,
the parkway's enduring legacy will be as a restored and protected rural
highway through the Appalachian mountains. It served as a proving ground
for many concepts and principles that are now firmly established and followed
on other parkways. The value of the Blue Ridge is ever increasing as a
visual and recreational resource from the growing urban populations.
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